ὡς ξένου συμβαίνοντος

ξένος, ὁ, [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. [full] ξεῖνος (also freq. in Pi., N.7.61, al., used by Trag. metri gr. even in trim., mostly in voc., S.OC33, al., E.IT 798 codd., El. 247), [dialect] Aeol. [full] ξέννος Hdn.Gr.2.302 ; scanned [pron. full] ¯ ?ξένοςX and written ξεῖνος in Theoc.28.6, 30.17: [dialect] Aeol. [comp] Sup. ξεννότατος Sch. Tz. in An. Ox. 3.356.18 (sed v. fin.).

I guest-friend, applied to persons and states bound by a treaty or tie of hospitality, Od.1.313, etc. ;

ξεῖνοι δὲ.. εὐχόμεθ' εἶναι ἐκ πατέρων φιλότητος 15.196

;

ξ. πατρώϊός ἐσσι παλαιός Il.6.215

;

ξ. δ' ἀλλήλων πατρώϊοι εὐχόμεθ' εἶναι Od.1.187

;

φησὶ δ' Ὀδυσσῆος ξεῖνος πατρώϊος εἶναι 17.522

; later freq. coupled with

φίλος, Πλούταρχος ὁ τούτου ξένος καὶ φίλος D.21.110

, cf. 18.46, X.An.2.1.5, Lys. 19.19 ;

βασιλέως πατρικὸς ξ. Pl.Men. 78d

.

2 of parties giving or receiving hospitality, Od.8.145, etc. ; mostly of the guest, opp. the host, ξεινοδόκοι καὶ ξεῖνος ib. 543, etc. ; ἁ ξείνα the visitor, Theoc.2.154 ; of guests at a club, opp. σύνδειπνοι, PTeb.118.4 (ii B. C.) : less freq. of the host, Il.15.532, A.R.1.208, Ep.Rom.16.23, etc.: c. dat.,

ξεῖνός τινι Hdt.1.20

,22, cf. Th.2.13, X.An.1.1.10, etc. ; also ξ. τινός ib. 2.4.15.

II stranger, esp. wanderer, refugee (under the protection of Ζεὺς ξένιος), sts. coupled with

ἱκέτης, Ζεὺς ἐπιτιμήτωρ ἱκετάων τε ξείνων τε ξείνιος Od.9.270

, cf. 8.546; with

πτωχός, πρὸς γὰρ Διός εἰσιν ἅπαντες ξεῖνοί τε πτωχοί τε 6.208

.

III generally, stranger, foreigner, opp. ἔνδημος, Hes.Op. 225; opp. ἀστός, Pi.O.7.90, S.OC13, And.4.10, etc. ;

πολιατᾶν καὶ ξ. Pi.I.1.51

, cf. A. Th. 924 (lyr.), Pl.Grg. 473d, etc. ; opp. ἐπιχώριος, Id.Men. 94d: coupled with μέτοικος, Th. 4.90, cf. IG12.39.53 ; with ἔπηλυς, Luc.Herm.24 ; opp. a member of the family, PMasp.169.10 (vi A. D.), etc.

b as a term of address to any stranger,

ὦ ξένε E. Ion 247

, Mosch.1.5, etc. ;

ὦ ξένη Pl.Smp. 204c

.

2 = βάρβαρος, at Sparta, Hdt.9.11,55.

IV hireling, Od.14.102 ; esp. mercenary soldier, IG12.949.89, X.An.1.1.10, D.18.152, etc. ;

ξ. ναυβάται Th.1.121

: rarely simply, ally, X.Lac. 12.3.

B as Adj. [full] ξένος, η, ον (also ος, ον E.Supp.94), [dialect] Ion. [full] ξεῖνος, η, ον, foreign, not in Hom. (in the phrases

ξεῖνε πάτερ Od.7.28

,

ἄνθρωποι ξεῖνοι Il.24.202

, both words are Subst.) ; freq. in later writers,

ξείνα γαῖα Pi.P.4.118

codd.;

ξένης ἐπὶ χθονός S.OC 1256

; γᾶς ἐπὶ ξένας ib. 1705 (lyr., cf. ξένη); ἐν ξένῃσι χερσί by foreign hands, Id.El. 1141 ; ξ. δόμοι, πόλις, etc., E.Ph. 339 (lyr.), 369, etc. ; of alien property,

ξ. ἄρουραι PMasp.295.22

(vi A.D.).

II c. gen. rei, strange to a thing, unacquainted with, ignorant of it,

ξ. τοῦ λόγου S.OT 219

, cf. AP4.3a.37 (Agath.);

ξ. τῶν διαθηκῶν τῆς ἐπαγγελίας Ep.Eph.2.12

, cf. BGU405.12 (iv A. D.). Adv. ξένως, ἔχω τῆς ἐνθάδε λέξεως I am a stranger to the mode of speech, Pl.Ap. 17d ;

ἔχειν τῆς διαλέκτου Them. Or.21.253c

.

III strange, unusual,

λόγοι A.Pr. 688

(lyr.) ;

τιμωρίαι Ti.Locr.104d

;

ποιεῖν ξένην τὴν διάλεκτον Arist.Rh. 1404b11

, cf. 1415a7 ;

οὐδὲν ξ. ἐν τῷ παντὶ ἀποτελεῖται Epicur.Fr. 266

;

τοῖς νέοις ποιεῖν ξένα τὰ φαῦλα Arist.Pol. 1336b34

;

ξένα ταῖς ὄψεσι D.S.3.15

; ὡς ξένου συμβαίνοντος I Ep.Pet.4.12 ;

διδαχαὶ ποικίλαι καὶ ξ. Ep.Hebr.13.9

;

ξ. δαιμόνια Act.Ap.17.18

: [comp] Sup.,

πράξεων ὡς -οτάτων Phld.Herc.1251.5

;

ξ. αὐτῷ δοκεῖ τὸ πρᾶγμα Luc.Cont.13

, etc. Adv.

ξένως, λαλεῖν Phld.P0.5.12

.

2 τοῦ πνεύματος.. ῥύσις ὡς -ωτάτη air as fresh as possible, Hp.Nat.Hom.9. (From ξένϝος, cf.

πρόξενϝος IG9(1).867

, Ξενϝάρης ib.869, Ξενϝοκλῆς, Ξένϝων, ib.4.315,348: hence it is improb. that the [dialect] Aeol. form was ξέννος.)

ξένος, η, ον (s. prec. four entries; Hom.+; loanw. in rabb.)

① adj. pert. to being unfamiliar because of someth. being unknown, strange

ⓐ in ref. to someth. coming from an external source, strange, foreign

α. because it comes from an external source ξ. δαιμόνια foreign divinities (δαιμόνιον 1 and Achilles Tat. 2, 30, 1; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 251; 267 ξένους θεούς; cp. Plut., Pompey 631 [24, 5] ‘strange sacrifices’) Ac 17:18. ἀνδρὶ ξένῳ AcPl Ox 6, 11 (=Aa I 241, 14). διδαχαί strange teachings (coming fr. outside the community; cp. Jos., Bell. 2, 414 θρησκεία ξένη) Hb 13:9; Hs 8, 6, 5 v.l.

β. because it is unheard of, fig. ext. of α: strange in kind, surprising, unheard of, foreign (Aeschyl., Prom. 688; Diod S 3, 15, 6; 3, 52, 2; M. Ant. 8, 14; POxy 1772, 3 οὐδὲν ξένον; Wsd 16:2, 16; 19:5; Philo, Mos. 1, 213; Just., A I, 16, 4, cp. D. 2, 2 τὸ ξ. τῶν λόγων; Tat. 33, 2; Mel., P. 53, 387; τὸ ξ. Did., Gen. 186, 7; ξένον θαῦμα Hippol., Ref. 4, 46, 2) PEg² 64. ὡς ξένου ὑμῖν συμβαίνοντος as though something unheard of were happening to you 1 Pt 4:12. οὐ ξένα ὁμιλῶ I have nothing strange to say Dg 11:1. W. dat. of pers. ἡ ξένη τοῖς ἐκλεκτοῖς τοῦ θεοῦ στάσις the uprising (which is) foreign to God’s chosen people 1 Cl 1:1.—Papias (2:11, Eus. on Papias) ξένας τέ τινας παραβολὰς τοῦ σωτῆρος some strange parables of the Savior.

ⓑ in ref. to an entity that is unacquainted with someth., w. gen. τινός strange to someth., estranged fr. it, unacquainted w. it, without interest in it (Soph., Oed. R. 219; Pla., Apol. 17d; Heliod. 10, 14; POxy 1154, 8 [I A.D.] εἰμὶ ξένος τῶν ἐνθάδε.—B-D-F §182, 3; Rob. 516) ξ. τῶν διαθηκῶν τῆς ἐπαγγελίας Eph 2:12.

② as subst. an entity involved in experience of unfamiliarity

ⓐ one who comes as a stranger. ὁ ξένος stranger, alien (Orig., C. Cels. 5, 27, 18) Mt 27:7; 3J 5. Opp. πολίτης (cp. Ael. Aristid. 13 p. 163 D.; SIG 495, 115; 708, 16f; 729, 4 al.; OGI 764, 18; Philo, Poster. Cai. 109; Jos., Ant. 11, 159, Vi. 372) Dg 5:5. W. πάροικοι (opp. συμπολίτης) Eph 2:19 (cp. SIG 799, 24f ξ. ἢ μέτοικος). W. παρεπίδημοι (Diod S 4, 27, 3 and OGI 268, 9 τ. παρεπιδημοῦντας ξένους; cp. 339, 29; Just., A I, 67, 6 τοῖς παρεπιδήμοις οὖσι ξένοις) Hb 11:13; οἱ ἐπιδημοῦντες ξ. the strangers who lived (or visited) there Ac 17:21 (SIG 1157, 80f τῶν ἐνδημούντων ξένων).—Because of a firmly entrenched code of hospitality in the Mediterranean world (for a Semitic perspective, s. esp. Gen 18:1–8; the Greek world finds its sanction in Homer, s. esp. Od. 6, 198–210 with its description of the Phaeacians in contrast to the inhospitality of Polyphemus Od. 9, 272–80) ξ. freq. implies the status of a suppliant who ought to be treated as a guest: Mt 25:35, 38, 43f (on divine protection of a total stranger cp. Od. 6, 207f [=14, 57f]; 9, 270f; 17, 483–87).

ⓑ ἡ ξένη a foreign country (Soph., Phil. 135; POxy 251, 11; 253, 7; τις ἀπὸ ξένης Hippol., Ref. 9, 20, 1) Dg 5:5. ἐπὶ ξένης (X., Resp. Lac. 14, 4; Epict. 1, 27, 5; Plut., Mor. 576c; BGU 22, 34 [114 A.D.]; 159, 7; PFay 136, 10; ACalderini, ΟΙ ΕΠΙ ΞΕΝΗΣ, JEA 40, ’54, 19–22 (numerous pap cited); 2 Macc 5:9; 9:28; Philo, Leg. ad Gai. 15; Jos., Ant. 18, 344) ἐπὶ ξένης κατοικεῖν live in a foreign country Hs 1:1, 6.

ⓒ ὁ ξένος the host, one who extends hospitality and thus treats the stranger as a guest (since Il. 15, 532; also Mel., P. 51, 375 ξένον ᾐδίκησεν) w. gen. (X., An. 2, 4, 15) ὁ ξ. μου καὶ ὅλης τῆς ἐκκλησίας host to me and to the whole congregation, prob. because he furnished space for its meetings Ro 16:23.—B. 1350–52. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.